-
Open 24 hours AM - PMBBC Yorkshire+44 113 244 1188BBC Yorkshire is a media company located in Leeds, England. They offer a variety of services including medical billing, model car play areas, newspaper advertising, nightclubs, public works departments, radio broadcasting, regional airports, school lunch centers, security services, television broadcasting, tour operations, and more. Their expertise spans across industries such as healthcare, sports, advertising, culture, entertainment, public sector, telecommunications, transportation, food and beverage, emergency situations, travel, hotels, real estate, and art. BBC Yorkshire is committed to providing exceptional services to their clients.See more
-
Closed AM - PMWaterhouse+44 113 513 2086Waterhouse is a company based in York, England. They offer a range of services including building surveying, excavation, general contracting, investment services, property investments, and real estate agency. They also provide financial services. Waterhouse is comprised of a team of chartered surveyors and experienced professionals in the building and construction industry.See more
-
Erc Roofing & Building Contractors+44 844 811 7163Erc Roofing & Building Contractors is a company based in Shipley, England. They specialize in building restoration services, general contracting, and roof repair services. Their expertise in the building and construction industry has made them a reliable choice for clients in need of quality services. Erc Roofing & Building Contractors is committed to providing exceptional workmanship and customer service to ensure their clients are satisfied with the end result.See more
-
R Clark & Sons Builders+44 113 213 7700R Clark & Sons Builders is a reputable building firm based in Leeds, England. They specialize in a range of services including bricklaying, garage building, home building, remodeling, and general contracting. With years of experience in the industry, R Clark & Sons Builders is committed to delivering high-quality workmanship and exceptional customer service. Whether it's a small renovation project or a large-scale construction job, they have the expertise and resources to get the job done efficiently and effectively. Contact R Clark & Sons Builders today for all your building and construction needs.See more
-
7:30 AM - 17:00 PMMagnet Trade+44 113 242 2577Magnet Trade is a company based in Leeds, England that specializes in providing kitchen services and supplies. They offer a wide range of products and services including kitchen planning and installation, refrigerator stores, marble and granite contractors, cabinet and door shops, furniture and lighting contractors, and more. They also cater to the needs of restaurants and DIY enthusiasts. Magnet Trade is committed to providing high-quality products and services to their customers in the building and construction, furniture and interior design, and food and beverage industries.See more
-
8:00 AM - 17:00 PMStantec+44 113 322 3420Stantec is a leading global engineering and design firm that provides a wide range of services to clients in various industries. With expertise in engineering consulting, general contracting, property maintenance, and more, Stantec has established itself as a trusted partner for clients seeking innovative solutions to complex challenges. The company's team of experienced engineers, architects, and consultants work together to deliver high-quality results that meet the unique needs of each client. Stantec is committed to providing exceptional service and building long-term relationships with its clients.See more
-
General Contractors
in Leeds with parking
(5)
-
General Contractors
in Leeds with landscaping
(4)
-
General Contractors
in Leeds with security system
(4)
-
General Contractors
in Leeds with roofing
(4)
-
General Contractors
in Leeds with electrical
(4)
-
General Contractors
in Leeds with plumbing
(4)
-
General Contractors
in Leeds with carpentry
(4)
-
General Contractors
in Leeds with flooring
(4)
-
General Contractors
in Leeds with air conditioning
(3)
-
General Contractors
in Leeds with painting
(3)
-
General Contractors
in Leeds with insulation
(3)
-
General Contractors
in Leeds with masonry
(3)
-
General Contractors
in Leeds with fire alarm
(3)
-
General Contractors
in Leeds with heating
(3)
-
General Contractors
in Leeds with siding
(3)
-
General Contractors
in Leeds with sprinkler system
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Leeds with handicap accessibility
(1)
Definition of General Contractors
General contractors are professionals who manage and oversee construction projects from start to finish. They are responsible for hiring subcontractors, obtaining permits, and ensuring that the project is completed on time and within the specified budget. General contractors work on a range of projects from small renovations to new building constructions.
Types of Projects General Contractors Undertake
General contractors undertake a variety of projects including residential, commercial, and industrial construction projects. Residential projects include home renovations, building new homes, and adding new rooms. Commercial projects include constructing office buildings, retail stores, restaurants, and warehouses. Industrial projects include constructing factories, manufacturing plants, and power plants.
Benefits of Hiring General Contractors
Hiring a general contractor comes with several benefits. Firstly, they have extensive knowledge and experience in the construction industry, which ensures that your project is completed efficiently and effectively. Secondly, they have a network of reliable subcontractors who can be trusted to deliver quality work. Thirdly, they ensure that the project is completed within the specified budget and timeframe. Fourthly, they provide a single point of contact for all aspects of the project, making communication more streamlined and reducing stress for the customer.
Qualifications and Certifications of General Contractors
General contractors in the UK are not required to have specific qualifying certifications or licenses. However, they need to have liability insurance coverage and be registered as a business with HM Revenue and Customs. It is recommended that customers hire general contractors who have a track record of delivering quality work and positive customer feedback.
Common Services Offered by General Contractors
General contractors offer a wide range of services, including project management, design and build, construction, and renovation services. They also provide services such as site preparation, demolition, excavation, and construction material procurement.
General Contractors vs. Subcontractors
General contractors differ from subcontractors in that they are responsible for overseeing the entire construction project, while subcontractors are hired to perform specific tasks such as plumbing or electrical work. General contractors are responsible for hiring and managing subcontractors, while subcontractors only work on a specific part of the project.
Factors to Consider When Choosing a General Contractor
When choosing a general contractor, customers should consider factors such as experience, reputation, cost, and quality of work. It is essential to hire a contractor who has experience in the type of project that needs to be completed. Customers should also read reviews and testimonials from previous customers to ensure that the contractor has a good reputation. The cost of the project should be reasonable and within the customer's budget, and the quality of work should be of high standard.
Tips for Working with General Contractors
Customers can ensure a successful working relationship with general contractors by clearly communicating their expectations and needs. Customers should also ensure that they are available for regular communication with the contractor and ask for regular progress updates. It is also essential to be flexible and open-minded as unexpected issues may arise during the project.
Potential Challenges and Risks of Working with General Contractors
Some potential challenges of working with general contractors include delays, cost overruns, and substandard work. Customers should ensure that they have a written contract that outlines the scope of work, timeline, and budget to reduce the risk of misunderstandings or disputes.
Future Trends in the General Contracting Industry
The general contracting industry is expected to experience continued growth in the coming years, driven by an increase in demand for sustainable and energy-efficient buildings. The use of technology such as Building Information Modelling (BIM) is also expected to increase, improving project efficiency and reducing costs.
![Image](../../../../assets-template/question-mark.png)
Pick a keyword
![Image](../../../../assets-template/world-pin.png)
Select location
![Image](../../../../assets-template/label-mark.png)
Select category
![Image](../../../../assets-template/filter-check.png)
View results!!!
-
General Contractors
in Richmond Hill
(9)
-
General Contractors
in Knowsthorpe
(6)
-
General Contractors
in West Yorkshire
(58)
-
General Contractors
in Harehills
(5)
-
General Contractors
in Armley
(4)
-
General Contractors
in Hunslet
(4)
-
General Contractors
in Potternewton
(4)
-
General Contractors
in Beeston Hill
(3)
-
General Contractors
in Wetherby
(3)
-
General Contractors
in Beckwithshaw
(3)
-
General Contractors
in Headingley
(2)
-
General Contractors
in Chapel Allerton
(2)
-
General Contractors
in Belle Isle
(2)
-
General Contractors
in Castleford
(2)
-
General Contractors
in Beeston
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Kirkstall
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Gledhow
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Roundhay
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Leeds ICD
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Churwell
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Beeston Park
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Whitkirk
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Moortown
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Cross Gates
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Tong
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Horsforth
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Cookridge
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Swillington Common
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Drighlington
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Austhorpe
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Barwick in Elmet and Scholes
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Birstall
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Barwick in Elmet
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Garforth
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Rawdon
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Gomersal
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Sturton Grange
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Parlington
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Altofts
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Normanton
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Wakefield
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Netherby
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Collingham
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Sicklinghall
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Linton
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Weston
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Spofforth with Stockeld
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Lumby
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Pontefract
(1)
-
General Contractors
in Scarthingwell
(1)
-
Acoustical Consultants
in Leeds
(9)
-
Aerial Photographers
in Leeds
(9)
-
Auditoriums
in Leeds
(9)
-
Building Materials Markets
in Leeds
(9)
-
Building Materials Suppliers
in Leeds
(9)
-
Ceramics Wholesalers
in Leeds
(9)
-
Chimney Services
in Leeds
(9)
-
Countertop Installations
in Leeds
(9)
-
Drywall Installation & Repairs
in Leeds
(9)
-
Fences & Gates
in Leeds
(9)
-
Flooring
in Leeds
(9)
-
Furniture Assembly Services
in Leeds
(9)
-
Millwork Shops
in Leeds
(9)
-
Office Refurbishment Services
in Leeds
(9)
-
Architecture Firms
in Leeds
(8)
-
Artificial Turfs
in Leeds
(8)
-
Bathroom Supply Stores
in Leeds
(8)
-
Ceramic Manufacturers
in Leeds
(8)
-
Drilling Contractors
in Leeds
(8)
-
Electrical Installation Services
in Leeds
(8)
-
Floor Sanding & Polishing Services
in Leeds
(8)
-
Kitchen Remodelers
in Leeds
(8)
-
Interior Construction Contractors
in Leeds
(8)
-
Metal Working Shops
in Leeds
(8)
-
Scrap Yards
in Leeds
(8)
-
Scaffolding Services
in Leeds
(8)
-
Shower Door Shops
in Leeds
(8)
-
Waterproofing Companies
in Leeds
(8)
-
Wood Frame Suppliers
in Leeds
(8)
-
Wood Suppliers
in Leeds
(8)
-
Building Equipment Hire Services
in Leeds
(7)
-
Building Inspectors
in Leeds
(7)
-
Cement Suppliers
in Leeds
(7)
-
Fence Contractors
in Leeds
(7)
-
Fencing Services
in Leeds
(7)
-
Fireplace Stores
in Leeds
(7)
-
Flooring Stores
in Leeds
(7)
-
Logging Contractors
in Leeds
(7)
-
Marble Suppliers
in Leeds
(7)
-
Portable Toilet Suppliers
in Leeds
(7)
-
Plumbers' Merchant Services
in Leeds
(7)
-
Refinishing Services
in Leeds
(7)
-
Sand & Gravel Suppliers
in Leeds
(7)
-
Sand Plants
in Leeds
(7)
-
Steel Stockholders
in Leeds
(7)
-
Tile Manufacturers
in Leeds
(7)
-
Asphalt Mixing Plants
in Leeds
(6)
-
Chimney Sweeps
in Leeds
(6)
-
Countertop Stores
in Leeds
(6)
-
Elevator Services
in Leeds
(6)
-
Fence Supply Stores
in Leeds
(6)
-
Excavation Services
in Leeds
(6)
-
Firewood
in Leeds
(6)
-
Gypsum Product Suppliers
in Leeds
(6)
-
Hose Suppliers
in Leeds
(6)
-
Landscape Lighting Designers
in Leeds
(6)
-
Interior Doors
in Leeds
(6)
-
Interior Fitting Contractors
in Leeds
(6)
-
Lighting Fixtures & Equipment Suppliers
in Leeds
(6)
-
Paving Contractors
in Leeds
(6)
-
Plast Window Stores
in Leeds
(6)
-
Steel Construction Companies
in Leeds
(6)
-
Utility Contractors
in Leeds
(6)
-
Bathroom Remodelers
in Leeds
(5)
-
Builders
in Leeds
(5)
-
Carpenters & Joiners
in Leeds
(5)
-
Fiberglass Suppliers
in Leeds
(5)
-
Gardens
in Leeds
(5)
-
Gas Installation Services
in Leeds
(5)
-
Gas Logs Suppliers
in Leeds
(5)
-
Gas Shops
in Leeds
(5)
-
Glass Shops
in Leeds
(5)
-
Gazebo Builders
in Leeds
(5)
-
Lawn Services
in Leeds
(5)
-
Metal Workshops
in Leeds
(5)
-
Microwave Oven Repair Services
in Leeds
(5)
-
Patio Enclosure Suppliers
in Leeds
(5)
-
Paving Materials Suppliers
in Leeds
(5)
-
Reclamation Centres
in Leeds
(5)
-
Truss Manufacturers
in Leeds
(5)
-
Wood Floor Refinishing Services
in Leeds
(5)
-
Waterproofing
in Leeds
(44)
-
Remodelers
in Leeds
(40)
-
Awning Suppliers
in Leeds
(4)
-
Brick Manufacturers
in Leeds
(4)
-
Building Supplies
in Leeds
(4)
-
Carpet Wholesalers
in Leeds
(4)
-
Conservatories
in Leeds
(4)
-
Construction Companies
in Leeds
(4)
-
Demolition Contractors
in Leeds
(4)
-
Dumpster Rentals
in Leeds
(4)
-
Glass Cutting Services
in Leeds
(4)
-
Groundwork Contractors
in Leeds
(4)
-
Guttering Services
in Leeds
(4)
-
Hot Tub Repair Services
in Leeds
(4)
-
Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning Contractors
in Leeds
(4)
-
Waterproofing Services
in Leeds
(4)
-
Landscaping Services
in Leeds
(4)
-
Masonry Supply Stores
in Leeds
(4)
-
Paint Stripping Companies
in Leeds
(4)
-
Railroad Ties Suppliers
in Leeds
(4)
-
Pond Contractors
in Leeds
(4)
-
Retaining Wall Suppliers
in Leeds
(4)
-
Siding Contractors
in Leeds
(4)
-
Wood Floor Installation Services
in Leeds
(4)
-
Conservatory Construction Contractors
in Leeds
(38)
-
Mechanical Contractors
in Leeds
(37)
-
Surveyors
in Leeds
(36)
-
Double Glazing Installers
in Leeds
(35)
-
Grout Services
in Leeds
(30)
-
Architectural Designers
in Leeds
(3)
-
Architectural Services
in Leeds
(3)
-
Builders' Merchants
in Leeds
(3)
-
Concrete Factories
in Leeds
(3)
-
Construction Material Wholesalers
in Leeds
(3)
-
Door Shops
in Leeds
(3)
-
Double Glazing Repairs
in Leeds
(3)
-
Fireplace Services
in Leeds
(3)
-
Floor Refinishing Services
in Leeds
(3)
-
Flooring Services
in Leeds
(3)
-
Gardening
in Leeds
(3)
-
Height Works
in Leeds
(3)
-
Hot Tub Stores
in Leeds
(3)
-
Iron Works
in Leeds
(3)
-
Irrigations
in Leeds
(3)
-
Log Home Builders
in Leeds
(3)
-
Patio Coverings
in Leeds
(3)
-
Pipe Suppliers
in Leeds
(3)
-
Salvage & Reclamation Services
in Leeds
(3)
-
Sunroom Contractors
in Leeds
(3)
-
Arborists & Tree Surgeons
in Leeds
(29)
-
Countertop Contractors
in Leeds
(28)
-
Roof Inspection Services
in Leeds
(28)
-
Wallpapering
in Leeds
(28)
-
Skip Hires
in Leeds
(27)
-
Glaziers
in Leeds
(26)
-
Lawn Sprinkler System Contractors
in Leeds
(25)
-
Building Consultants
in Leeds
(23)
-
Constructions
in Leeds
(23)
-
Metal Fabricators
in Leeds
(23)
-
Plywood Suppliers
in Leeds
(23)
-
Air Conditioning Contractors
in Leeds
(22)
-
Gasfitters
in Leeds
(22)
-
Mechanical Plants
in Leeds
(22)
-
Sandblasting Services
in Leeds
(22)
-
Sheet Metal Contractors
in Leeds
(22)
-
Skylight Contractors
in Leeds
(22)
-
Bricklayers
in Leeds
(21)
-
Geotechnical Engineers
in Leeds
(21)
-
Asbestos Testing Services
in Leeds
(20)
-
Paving & Driveways
in Leeds
(20)
-
Road Construction Companies
in Leeds
(20)
-
Steelwork Design Companies
in Leeds
(20)
-
Air Conditioning Repair Services
in Leeds
(2)
-
Artificial Plant Suppliers
in Leeds
(2)
-
Cement Manufacturers
in Leeds
(2)
-
Carpet Installers
in Leeds
(2)
-
Dock Builders
in Leeds
(2)
-
Demolition Services
in Leeds
(2)
-
Firewood Suppliers
in Leeds
(2)
-
Gas Stations
in Leeds
(2)
-
Gasket Manufacturers
in Leeds
(2)
-
Greenhouses
in Leeds
(2)
-
Hot Water System Suppliers
in Leeds
(2)
-
Landscape Designers
in Leeds
(2)
-
Metal Stamping Services
in Leeds
(2)
-
Mobile Dent Repairs
in Leeds
(2)
-
Portable Building Manufacturers
in Leeds
(2)
-
Roofing Supply Stores
in Leeds
(2)
-
Solar Energy Contractors
in Leeds
(2)
-
Sidings
in Leeds
(2)
-
Stove Builders
in Leeds
(2)
-
Well Drilling Contractors
in Leeds
(2)
-
Contractors
in Leeds
(19)
-
Landscape Architects
in Leeds
(19)
-
Marble Contractors
in Leeds
(19)
-
Pvc Windows Suppliers
in Leeds
(19)
-
Roofing Contractors
in Leeds
(19)
-
Scrap Metal Merchants
in Leeds
(19)
-
Steel Erectors
in Leeds
(19)
-
Blast Cleaning Services
in Leeds
(18)
-
Insulation Contractors
in Leeds
(18)
-
Wood & Laminate Flooring Suppliers
in Leeds
(18)
-
Door Suppliers
in Leeds
(17)
-
Glass Repair Services
in Leeds
(17)
-
Granite Suppliers
in Leeds
(17)
-
Loft Conversion Services
in Leeds
(17)
-
Painters & Decorators
in Leeds
(17)
-
Prefabricated House Companies
in Leeds
(17)
-
Quarries
in Leeds
(17)
-
Concrete Contractors
in Leeds
(16)
-
Gas Engineers
in Leeds
(16)
-
Gutter Services
in Leeds
(16)
-
Heating Equipment Suppliers
in Leeds
(16)
-
Roof Repair Services
in Leeds
(16)
-
Tiling
in Leeds
(16)
-
Architects
in Leeds
(15)
-
Building Surveyors
in Leeds
(15)
-
Garage Builders
in Leeds
(15)
-
Garage Door Services
in Leeds
(15)
-
Garage Services
in Leeds
(15)
-
Home Builders
in Leeds
(15)
-
Landscapers
in Leeds
(15)
-
Metal Finishers
in Leeds
(15)
-
Plasterers
in Leeds
(15)
-
Railing Contractors
in Leeds
(15)
-
Ready Mix Concrete Suppliers
in Leeds
(15)
-
Tile Contractors
in Leeds
(15)
-
Fountain Contractors
in Leeds
(14)
-
Lighting Consultants
in Leeds
(14)
-
Roofing Services
in Leeds
(14)
-
Boiler Services & Repairs
in Leeds
(13)
-
Carpenters
in Leeds
(13)
-
Earth Works Companies
in Leeds
(13)
-
Mechanics
in Leeds
(13)
-
Metal Construction Companies
in Leeds
(13)
-
Masonry Contractors
in Leeds
(13)
-
Painters
in Leeds
(13)
-
Powder Coating Services
in Leeds
(13)
-
Stucco Contractors
in Leeds
(13)
-
Window Installation Services
in Leeds
(13)
-
Asphalt Contractors
in Leeds
(12)
-
Architectural & Engineering Model Makers
in Leeds
(12)
-
Aluminum Frames Suppliers
in Leeds
(12)
-
Building Design Companies
in Leeds
(12)
-
Building Firms
in Leeds
(12)
-
Ceiling Suppliers
in Leeds
(12)
-
Carpet Manufacturers
in Leeds
(12)
-
Concrete Product Suppliers
in Leeds
(12)
-
Damp Proofings
in Leeds
(12)
-
Drains
in Leeds
(12)
-
Electricians
in Leeds
(12)
-
Flooring Contractors
in Leeds
(12)
-
Garden Building Suppliers
in Leeds
(12)
-
Joiners
in Leeds
(12)
-
Kitchen Planning & Installation Services
in Leeds
(12)
-
Shed Builders
in Leeds
(12)
-
Stair Contractors
in Leeds
(12)
-
Window Suppliers
in Leeds
(12)
-
Aluminum Windows
in Leeds
(11)
-
Bathroom Design & Installations
in Leeds
(11)
-
Carpet Fitters
in Leeds
(11)
-
Carpet Installation Services
in Leeds
(11)
-
Crushed Stone Suppliers
in Leeds
(11)
-
Custom Home Builders
in Leeds
(11)
-
Excavating Contractors
in Leeds
(11)
-
Heating Contractors
in Leeds
(11)
-
Iron Steel Contractors
in Leeds
(11)
-
Neon Sign Shops
in Leeds
(11)
-
Septic System Services
in Leeds
(11)
-
Building Restoration Services
in Leeds
(10)
-
Dry Wall Contractors
in Leeds
(10)
-
Engineerings
in Leeds
(10)
-
Fireplace Manufacturers
in Leeds
(10)
-
Finishing Materials Suppliers
in Leeds
(10)
-
Garages
in Leeds
(10)
-
Gardeners
in Leeds
(10)
-
Glass Merchants
in Leeds
(10)
-
Home Window Tintings
in Leeds
(10)
-
Marquee Hire Services
in Leeds
(10)
-
Self Service Car Washes
in Leeds
(10)
-
Scaffolders
in Leeds
(10)
-
Sewage Disposal Services
in Leeds
(10)
-
Structural Engineers
in Leeds
(10)
-
Assembly Rooms
in Leeds
(1)
-
Air Duct Cleaning Services
in Leeds
(1)
-
Bark Suppliers
in Leeds
(1)
-
Backflow Services
in Leeds
(1)
-
Barrel Suppliers
in Leeds
(1)
-
Basketball Court Contractors
in Leeds
(1)
-
Building Materials Stores
in Leeds
(1)
-
Carport & Pergola Builders
in Leeds
(1)
-
Conservatory Supply & Installations
in Leeds
(1)
-
Door Warehouses
in Leeds
(1)
-
Drainage Services
in Leeds
(1)
-
Deck Builders
in Leeds
(1)
-
Door Manufacturers
in Leeds
(1)
-
Fencings
in Leeds
(1)
-
Fiberglass Repair Services
in Leeds
(1)
-
Garage Door Suppliers
in Leeds
(1)
-
Garage Doors
in Leeds
(1)
-
Garden Services
in Leeds
(1)
-
Glass & Mirror Shops
in Leeds
(1)
-
Glass Suppliers
in Leeds
(1)
-
Fortresses
in Leeds
(1)
-
Furniture Reupholstery Services
in Leeds
(1)
-
Kitchen Services
in Leeds
(1)
-
Insulation Installations
in Leeds
(1)
-
Lighting Contractors
in Leeds
(1)
-
Line Marking Services
in Leeds
(1)
-
Metal Heat Treating Services
in Leeds
(1)
-
Metal Polishing Services
in Leeds
(1)
-
Metal Processing Companies
in Leeds
(1)
-
Modular Home Dealers
in Leeds
(1)
-
Rainwater Tank Suppliers
in Leeds
(1)
-
Sewage Treatment Plants
in Leeds
(1)
-
Scaffolding Erection Services
in Leeds
(1)
-
Scaffolding Rental Services
in Leeds
(1)
-
Stall Installation Services
in Leeds
(1)
-
Steel Framework Contractors
in Leeds
(1)
-
Stucco Services
in Leeds
(1)
-
Swimming Pool Repair Services
in Leeds
(1)
-
Window Repairs
in Leeds
(1)
-
Wind Turbine Builders
in Leeds
(1)