Best Joinery Manufacturers
in
Bradnock's Marsh
We found 2 Joinery Manufacturers
in Bradnock's Marsh for
you.
Highest rated Joinery Manufacturers in
Bradnock's Marsh
These
Joinery Manufacturers have been ranked the best by
their users.
-
Kilduff Carpentry Contractors Ltd+44 121 359 0469Kilduff Carpentry Contractors Ltd is a carpentry and joinery manufacturing company based in Solihull, England. They specialize in building and construction services, providing high-quality carpentry work to their clients. With their expertise in the field, Kilduff Carpentry Contractors Ltd is a reliable and trusted choice for all building and construction needs.See more
-
8:00 AM - 17:00 PMMeer-end Stairs & Joinery+44 1676 534226Meerend Stairs & Joinery is a leading manufacturer of joinery products based in Kenilworth, England. With a focus on building and construction, the company specializes in crafting high-quality stairs and other joinery items. Meerend Stairs & Joinery is committed to delivering exceptional customer service and providing top-notch products that meet the needs of their clients.See more
Looking for something specific?
Narrow
down your search by filtering for these attributes
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Bradnock's Marsh with delivery service
(2)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Bradnock's Marsh with free consultation
(2)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Bradnock's Marsh with custom design
(2)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Bradnock's Marsh with variety of colours
(2)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Bradnock's Marsh with quality materials
(2)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Bradnock's Marsh with warranty
(2)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Bradnock's Marsh with variety of finishes
(2)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Bradnock's Marsh with showroom
(2)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Bradnock's Marsh with expert advice
(2)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Bradnock's Marsh with installation service
(2)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Bradnock's Marsh with aftercare service
(2)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Bradnock's Marsh with variety of styles
(2)
About Joinery Manufacturers
Introduction to Joinery Manufacturers
Joinery manufacturers are businesses that specialize in creating custom-made wooden products for building and construction. They offer a wide range of services, including designing, crafting, and installing joinery products. Joinery manufacturers have an in-depth knowledge of different types of wood and techniques that are used in their manufacturing process.Types of Joinery Products Offered
Joinery manufacturers offer a wide range of products, which include but are not limited to doors, windows, staircases, flooring, and furniture. These products are usually made to order and can be customized to meet the specific requirements of the customer. Joinery manufacturers can create unique and one-of-a-kind pieces that are tailored to the customer's needs and preferences.Materials Used in Joinery Manufacturing
Joinery manufacturers use a variety of materials in their manufacturing process, including hardwoods like Oak, Maple, and Walnut, as well as softwoods like Pine and Fir. They also use other materials like glass, metal, and stone to create unique and functional pieces. Joinery manufacturers use high-quality materials that are durable and long-lasting.Benefits of Joinery Products for Building & Construction
Joinery products offer several benefits for building and construction. They are known for their durability, strength, and resistance to wear and tear. Joinery products are also energy-efficient and offer excellent insulation, which can help lower energy costs. Additionally, joinery products can add beauty and value to a property and help create a unique and stylish look.Quality Standards and Certifications in Joinery Manufacturing
Joinery manufacturers must meet specific quality standards and certifications to ensure that their products are of the highest quality. Some of the most common certifications include FSC and PEFC, which ensure that the wood used in the manufacturing process is responsibly sourced. Joinery manufacturers also follow strict quality control measures to ensure that each product meets their high standards.Customization and Design Options for Joinery Products
Joinery manufacturers offer a wide range of customization and design options for their products. Customers can choose from a variety of wood types, stains, and finishes to create a unique and personalized look. Additionally, customers can work with the joinery manufacturer to create custom designs and sizes that meet their specific requirements.Sustainability and Environmental Responsibility in Joinery Manufacturing
Joinery manufacturers are committed to sustainability and environmental responsibility. They use responsibly sourced wood and materials and follow strict waste management policies. Additionally, they use energy-efficient manufacturing processes and strive to minimize their impact on the environment.Cost Considerations for Joinery Products
Joinery products can vary in cost depending on the complexity of the design, the materials used, and the size of the project. While customized joinery products may be more expensive than pre-made ones, they offer a unique and personalized look that cannot be achieved with pre-made products. Joinery manufacturers can work with customers to create products that meet their budget and needs.Choosing the Right Joinery Manufacturer for your Project
When choosing a joinery manufacturer for your project, it is essential to consider their experience, reputation, and quality of work. Look for manufacturers who have experience working on projects similar to yours and who have a reputation for delivering high-quality work. Additionally, look for manufacturers who have the necessary certifications and who use responsibly sourced materials.Conclusion and Next Steps for Working with Joinery Manufacturers
Joinery manufacturers offer a wide range of products and services that can add beauty and value to your building and construction projects. By working with a reputable and experienced joinery manufacturer, you can create unique and personalized products that meet your specific needs and preferences. Contact a joinery manufacturer today to start your project.
How Mimoji works?
We have aggregated all you want to know about any company - in one place!

Pick a keyword
Know exactly what you are looking
for? Just tell us. If you are in doubt, you don't need to enter anything.

Select location
Tell us where to look - so we don't
give you too many options.

Select category
Select which category you are
looking in. There are many to choose from.

View results!!!
Lean back, and let us do the hard
work. Then find exactly what you are looking for among the results.
Joinery Manufacturers
 in nearby
Locations
Ready
to
travel a little further? Why not consider these
Joinery Manufacturers
not too far away?
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Solihull
(9)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Copt Heath
(7)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Knowle
(7)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Illshaw Heath
(7)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Terry's Green
(7)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Bentley Heath
(6)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Dorridge
(6)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Eastcote
(5)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Hoggrill's End
(5)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Darley Green
(4)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Coleshill
(4)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Hall Green
(4)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Midden Engeland
(3)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Chessetts Wood
(3)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Packwood
(3)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Coventry
(3)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Furnace End
(3)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Neal's Green
(3)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Longford
(3)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Foleshill
(3)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Olton
(21)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Temple Balsall
(2)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Fen End
(2)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Chadwick End
(2)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Honiley
(2)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Wroxall
(2)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Cheswick Green
(2)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Five Ways
(2)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Haseley
(2)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Tyseley
(2)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Hatton Green
(2)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Sparkhill
(2)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Major's Green
(17)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Whitlock's End
(17)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Marston Green
(12)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Rumbush
(12)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Berkswell
(1)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Balsall
(1)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Carol Green
(1)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Meer End
(1)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Burton Green
(1)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Chelmsley Wood
(1)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Kingshurst
(1)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Acocks Green
(1)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Smith's Wood
(1)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Dickens Heath
(1)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Tidbury Green
(1)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Stechford
(1)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Hay Mills
(1)
-
Joinery Manufacturers
in Ash Green
(1)
Didn’t find what you were looking for?
Perhaps
Joinery Manufacturers wasn’t exactly what you
needed. Why not check
out companies who can help you with this:
-
Carpenters
in Bradnock's Marsh
(9)
-
Door Manufacturers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(9)
-
Gasfitters
in Bradnock's Marsh
(9)
-
Plasterers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(9)
-
Tile Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(9)
-
Boiler Services & Repairs
in Bradnock's Marsh
(8)
-
Central Heating Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(8)
-
Gas Engineers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(8)
-
Heating Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(8)
-
Auditoriums
in Bradnock's Marsh
(7)
-
Artificial Turfs
in Bradnock's Marsh
(7)
-
Blast Cleaning Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(7)
-
Bricklayers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(7)
-
Conservatories
in Bradnock's Marsh
(7)
-
Construction Companies
in Bradnock's Marsh
(7)
-
Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(7)
-
Deck Builders
in Bradnock's Marsh
(7)
-
Fences & Gates
in Bradnock's Marsh
(7)
-
Fireplace Manufacturers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(7)
-
Irrigations
in Bradnock's Marsh
(7)
-
Metal Construction Companies
in Bradnock's Marsh
(7)
-
Log Home Builders
in Bradnock's Marsh
(7)
-
Paving Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(7)
-
Roof Repair Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(7)
-
Skylight Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(7)
-
Utility Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(7)
-
Aluminum Windows
in Bradnock's Marsh
(6)
-
Double Glazing Installers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(6)
-
Custom Home Builders
in Bradnock's Marsh
(6)
-
Demolition Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(6)
-
Gazebo Builders
in Bradnock's Marsh
(6)
-
Guttering Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(6)
-
Joiners
in Bradnock's Marsh
(6)
-
Landscape Designers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(6)
-
Modular Home Builders
in Bradnock's Marsh
(6)
-
Remodelers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(6)
-
Retaining Wall Suppliers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(6)
-
Sidings
in Bradnock's Marsh
(6)
-
Surveyors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(6)
-
Builders
in Bradnock's Marsh
(5)
-
Ceramic Manufacturers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(5)
-
Chimney Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(5)
-
Conservatory Construction Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(5)
-
Fence Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(5)
-
Electricians
in Bradnock's Marsh
(5)
-
Flooring Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(5)
-
Garage Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(5)
-
Garden Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(5)
-
General Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(5)
-
Home Builders
in Bradnock's Marsh
(5)
-
Insulation Installations
in Bradnock's Marsh
(5)
-
Landscape Lighting Designers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(5)
-
Interior Construction Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(5)
-
Interior Fitting Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(5)
-
Office Refurbishment Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(5)
-
Ready Mix Concrete Suppliers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(5)
-
Roof Inspection Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(5)
-
Solar Energy Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(5)
-
Steelwork Design Companies
in Bradnock's Marsh
(5)
-
Window Installation Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(5)
-
Wallpapering
in Bradnock's Marsh
(5)
-
Air Conditioning Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Architectural Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Aluminum Frames Suppliers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Building Surveyors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Carpet Wholesalers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Concrete Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Concrete Product Suppliers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Drainage Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Dry Wall Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Dumpster Rentals
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Fencing Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Engineerings
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Garage Builders
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Garage Door Suppliers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Gardens
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Gardeners
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Furniture Assembly Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Furniture Repair & Restoration Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Greenhouses
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Waterproofing Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Iron Steel Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Kitchen Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Landscaping Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Lawn Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Lawn Sprinkler System Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Marble Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Microwave Oven Repair Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Painters
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Painters & Decorators
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Patio Enclosure Suppliers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Plast Window Stores
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Railroad Ties Suppliers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Pvc Windows Suppliers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Quarries
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Sewage Disposal Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(4)
-
Architects
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Asbestos Testing Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Bathroom Remodelers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Cement Manufacturers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Ceramics Wholesalers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Carpenters & Joiners
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Carpet Installers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Constructions
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Door Suppliers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Double Glazing Repairs
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Firewood Suppliers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Gas Installation Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Glass Repair Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Gutter Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Hot Water System Suppliers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Kitchen Planning & Installation Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Insulation Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Interior Doors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Landscape Architects
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Logging Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Mechanical Plants
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Masonry Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Metal Processing Companies
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Modular Home Dealers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Pipe Suppliers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Powder Coating Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Roofing Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Sandblasting Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Sheet Metal Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Steel Construction Companies
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Stall Installation Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Structural Engineers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Wind Turbine Builders
in Bradnock's Marsh
(3)
-
Air Duct Cleaning Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Architecture Firms
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Aerial Photographers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Basketball Court Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Building Materials Suppliers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Ceiling Suppliers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Concrete Factories
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Construction & Maintenance Offices
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Countertop Installations
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Dock Builders
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Fence Supply Stores
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Finishing Materials Suppliers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Flooring
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Flooring Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Garage Doors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Geotechnical Engineers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Garden Building Suppliers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Gardening
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Glass Shops
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Fortresses
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Glaziers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Heating Equipment Suppliers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Kitchen Remodelers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Lighting Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Metal Stamping Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Loft Conversion Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Mausoleum Builders
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Millwork Shops
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Mobile Dent Repairs
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Pond Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Reclamation Centres
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Self Service Car Washes
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Scaffolders
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Skip Hires
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Siding Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Stucco Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Tile Manufacturers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Swimming Pool Repair Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Waterproofing Companies
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Window Suppliers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Wood & Laminate Flooring Suppliers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Wood Frame Suppliers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(2)
-
Roofing Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(18)
-
Mechanical Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(15)
-
Asphalt Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(14)
-
Landscapers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(13)
-
Road Construction Companies
in Bradnock's Marsh
(13)
-
Building Restoration Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(12)
-
Paving & Driveways
in Bradnock's Marsh
(12)
-
Arborists & Tree Surgeons
in Bradnock's Marsh
(11)
-
Excavating Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(11)
-
Sand Plants
in Bradnock's Marsh
(11)
-
Bathroom Design & Installations
in Bradnock's Marsh
(10)
-
Asphalt Mixing Plants
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Acoustical Consultants
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Architectural Designers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Awning Suppliers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Awnings
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Bark Suppliers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Barrel Suppliers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Building Consultants
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Building Materials Markets
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Cement Suppliers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Carpet Installation Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Conservatory Supply & Installations
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Construction Material Wholesalers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Countertop Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Countertop Stores
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Damp Proofings
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Door Shops
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Door Warehouses
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Drilling Contractors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Demolition Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Earth Works Companies
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Door Sales & Installation Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Electrical Installation Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Fiberglass Suppliers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Excavation Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Fireplace Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Firewood
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Floor Refinishing Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Garage Door Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Flooring Stores
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Glass Block Suppliers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Gas Logs Suppliers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Gas Stations
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Glass Merchants
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Glass Suppliers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Furniture Repairs
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Golf Course Builders
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Grout Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Hot Tub Stores
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Landscape Architect Or Designers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Lighting Consultants
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Mechanics
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Metal Finishers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Masonry Supply Stores
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Metal Working Shops
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Metal Workshops
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Monument Makers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Pile Drivers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Portable Building Manufacturers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Refinishing Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Sand & Gravel Suppliers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Scrap Yards
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Sewage Treatment Plants
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Scaffolding Erection Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Shed Builders
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Shower Door Shops
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Steel Erectors
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Trade Fair Construction Companies
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Truss Manufacturers
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Waterproofing
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)
-
Wood Floor Installation Services
in Bradnock's Marsh
(1)